This tutorial is all about using bash create file in Linux in the terminal. Guess what? It’s super easy! Bash has this neat and efficient command called “touch” that makes creating files a breeze. So, let’s dive in and discover how to use the touch command to create new files in Bash.
Alright, so what’s the deal with this “touch” command? Well, it’s like a magic wand for your terminal. With just a simple touch command, you can conjure up new files effortlessly. No need to go through complicated steps – Bash keeps it straightforward. In this tutorial, we’re going to break down the touch command and explore how it turns your terminal into a file-creating wizard.
Creating files in Bash doesn’t have to be a puzzle. With the trusty touch command, you’ll be crafting files like a pro in no time. This tutorial is your guide to mastering the art of file creation in Bash, so get ready to unleash the power of the touch command and make your terminal work wonders!
How to use Bash to create a file
Bash create file: A Guide to Using the Touch Command
The touch command to create an empty text file with foo.txt
The touch command in Bash is primarily used to update the access and modification timestamps of files. However, it can also be used to create a new file if it doesn’t already exist.
To create a new file using the touch command, follow this syntax:
$ touch foo.bar
$ > foo.bar
To make a text file using the cat command line on Linux. press ctrl+c to quit and save the file.
$ cat > foo.txt
shell command
$ echo 'This is my blog: devopsroles.com' > foo.txt
Append text to an existing file
$ echo 'yet another line: huuphan.com' >> foo.txt
To create a text file, you can use the vi or vim commands in your terminal. These tools are powerful editors for crafting text documents. Simply type vi or vim followed by the desired filename and press Enter. This will open an editor where you can write and edit your text. To begin typing, press i to enter insert mode. When you’re finished, press the Esc key to exit insert mode.
To save your work, type :w and press Enter. To close the editor, type :q, or you can save and exit at the same time by typing :wq. With these simple steps, you’ve successfully created your text file!
Conclusion
You have to use the Bash create file command terminal. Creating a new file in Bash is a straightforward process with the help of the touch command. Its simplicity and efficiency make it a popular choice for generating empty files. By using the touch command and providing the desired filename, you can quickly create new files in your Bash scripts or command-line operations. I hope will this your helpful. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to password protect files on Linux to ensure they remain secure from unauthorized access. Various methods are available for this purpose, each providing different levels of security. Here are a few techniques to help you safeguard your files and folders with strong passwords.
Using tools like zip and gpg, you can encrypt your files effectively. zip allows you to compress and password protect files, while gpg offers robust encryption options. Both methods are straightforward and enhance the security of your sensitive data on Linux systems.
How to Password Protect Files on Linux
Encrypt a File with GnuPG
I use gpg command to encrypt a file. GnuPG is a free Linux program that supports multiple encryptions for file encryption.
1. Open the terminal
2. Run the following command line to encrypt your file.
gpg -c your_file
GnuPG will create an encrypted file with .gpg extension in your current working folder.
The result is the picture below:
To access it, you’ll need to decrypt it. For this, run the following command
gpg your_file.gpg
The result is the picture below:
other encryption algorithms, first, check the supported ones by running:
For example, you specify the desired algorithm as a command below
gpg -c --cipher-algo algorithm_name your_file
using the zip command to Encrypt a File
the zip command is another CLI utility that password-protect files on Linux. it is pre-installed on all Linux distros.
zip --password your_password archive_file.zip file1 file2
you replace your_passowrd with the password you want to use to encrypt the archive.
Unzip the archive and enter your password. you can run the command below:
unzip archive_file.zip
Encrypt a File Using mcrypt
list out all the supported encryption algorithms
mcrypt --list
encrypt filename
mcrypt -a algorithm_name filename
If you wish to open this file, you’ll need to decrypt it as the command below:
mcrypt -d filename.nc
Conclusion
By following this tutorial, you now know how to password protect files on Linux, enhancing your data security. Always choose a strong, unique password when prompted and consider using a password manager to keep your passwords safe and easily accessible. Implementing these methods helps prevent unauthorized access and ensures your sensitive information remains protected. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page and I hope you found this information helpful. Stay secure!
In this tutorial, How to fix the Ubuntu repository no longer has a Release.
Ubuntu, a widely used Linux distribution, relies on repositories to provide software packages and updates. Occasionally, you might encounter the error message “Ubuntu repository no longer has a release,” indicating that the repository you’re trying to access is unavailable or unsupported. This article delves into the reasons behind this issue and offers potential solutions to address it effectively.
Today, I am installing Nginx, But suddenly one day you use this command and get the following error:
vagrant@controller:~$ sudo apt install nginx -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail
libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 nginx-common nginx-core
Suggested packages:
fcgiwrap nginx-doc ssl-cert
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail
libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 nginx nginx-common nginx-core
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 700 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2386 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 nginx-common all 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1Ign:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-mail amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-stream amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 nginx-core amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Ign:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 nginx amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
Err:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 nginx-common all 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-mail amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-stream amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
Err:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 nginx amd64 1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx-common_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-http-geoip2_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx-core_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx_1.18.0-6ubuntu11.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.39 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
Cause: older releases of Ubuntu moved to a new host.
If you encounter an issue where the Ubuntu repository no longer has a “Release” file, it could be due to a temporary problem with the repository or a misconfiguration on your system. Here are a few steps you can take to troubleshoot and potentially resolve the issue:
Step 2. Replace the links with the new repository address.
sudo sed -i -re 's/([a-z]{2}.)?archive.ubuntu.com|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
Step 3. Update OS after steps 1 and step 2.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
At this point, when you see that command 3 has run successfully, you can completely select Y to continue the update process for your Ubuntu server. Or select N to cancel the update process.
As a result, the fixed repository no longer has a Release file on Ubuntu Server. For example, I select Y.
root@controller:~# sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Get:1 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish InRelease [270 kB]
Hit:2 https://apache.jfrog.io/artifactory/couchdb-deb focal InRelease
Get:3 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates InRelease [115 kB]
Get:4 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:5 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security InRelease [110 kB]
Get:6 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/main amd64 Packages [1396 kB]
Get:7 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/main Translation-en [511 kB]
Get:8 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [29.8 kB]
Get:9 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish/restricted amd64 Packages [82.2 kB]
Get:44 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [5396 B]
Get:45 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [4776 B]
Get:46 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security/multiverse Translation-en [988 B]
Get:47 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [228 B]
Fetched 23.4 MB in 1min 34s (248 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
git git-man libpython3.9 libpython3.9-minimal libpython3.9-stdlib python3-distupgrade python3.9 python3.9-minimal
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
9 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
7 standard security updates
Need to get 11.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 24.6 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 python3.9 amd64 3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1 [433 kB]
Get:2 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libpython3.9 amd64 3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1 [1897 kB]
Get:3 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libpython3.9-stdlib amd64 3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1 [1807 kB]
Get:4 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 python3.9-minimal amd64 3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1 [2058 kB]
Get:5 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 libpython3.9-minimal amd64 3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1 [783 kB]
Get:6 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-release-upgrader-core all 1:21.10.10 [25.5 kB]
Get:7 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 python3-distupgrade all 1:21.10.10 [104 kB]
Get:8 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 git-man all 1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3 [943 kB]
Get:9 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu impish-updates/main amd64 git amd64 1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3 [3038 kB]
Fetched 11.1 MB in 50s (221 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 99174 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-python3.9_3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.9 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) over (3.9.7-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../1-libpython3.9_3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.9:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) over (3.9.7-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../2-libpython3.9-stdlib_3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.9-stdlib:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) over (3.9.7-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../3-python3.9-minimal_3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.9-minimal (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) over (3.9.7-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../4-libpython3.9-minimal_3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.9-minimal:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) over (3.9.7-2build1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../5-ubuntu-release-upgrader-core_1%3a21.10.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:21.10.10) over (1:21.10.9) ...
Preparing to unpack .../6-python3-distupgrade_1%3a21.10.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-distupgrade (1:21.10.10) over (1:21.10.9) ...
Preparing to unpack .../7-git-man_1%3a2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3_all.deb ...
Unpacking git-man (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3) over (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../8-git_1%3a2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking git (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3) over (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libpython3.9-minimal:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up python3-distupgrade (1:21.10.10) ...
Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:21.10.10) ...
Setting up git-man (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up python3.9-minimal (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libpython3.9-stdlib:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libpython3.9:amd64 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up git (1:2.32.0-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up python3.9 (3.9.7-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.34-0ubuntu3.2) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning candidates...
Scanning linux images...
Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.
Restarting services...
Service restarts being deferred:
systemctl restart networkd-dispatcher.service
systemctl restart unattended-upgrades.service
No containers need to be restarted.
No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
Via Youtube
Conclusion
By understanding the potential causes and implementing the solutions provided in this article, you can address the issue and restore the functionality of your package manager.
Whether it’s removing unsupported repositories, updating URLs, ensuring network connectivity, or waiting for temporary issues to be resolved, these steps will help you navigate and resolve the error efficiently.
You have a fixed repository no longer has a Release file on Ubuntu. I hope will this your helpful. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
In this tutorial, I write about the Systemd cheat sheet useful in Linux. Systemd provides a system and service that runs at PID 1. It tracks logged-in users and runs containers virtual machines and more.
The Linux Systemd Cheat Sheet is a handy guide that provides quick and easy-to-understand information about Systemd. Systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems, and this cheat sheet is designed to help users navigate and utilize its features efficiently.
Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced Linux user, this cheat sheet covers essential commands and functions related to Systemd. From starting and stopping services to managing system processes, the cheat sheet is a valuable resource for anyone looking to streamline their Linux system management tasks.
With the Linux Systemd Cheat Sheet, you can quickly reference key Systemd commands, making it easier to troubleshoot issues, configure services, and optimize system performance. This user-friendly guide aims to empower Linux users with the knowledge they need to navigate Systemd effectively, ensuring a smoother and more efficient system administration experience.
Systemd Cheat Sheet in Linux
Logs with systemd
The content
Command Line
View all system logs
journalctl
List boot numbers
journalctl –list-boots
View logs for unit ssh
journalctl –unit ssh
View system logs from the most recent
journalctl -xe
For example the picture below
Introspection with systemd
The content
Command Line
show unit file settings
systemctl show sshd
Show contents of the unit file
systemctl cat sshd
Show whether the unit is active
systemctl is-active sshd
Show whether the unit has failed
systemctl is-failed sshd
Edit unit file configuration
sudo systemctl edit sshd
Restart daemon
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
Services
The content
Command Line
Start service nginx
systemctl start nginx
Stop service nginx
systemctl stop nginx
Show status of service nginx
systemctl status nginx
Start nginx now and at system startup
systemctl enable –now nginx
At system startup, start (enable) nginx
systemctl enable nginx
At system startup, do not start nginx
systemctl disable nginx
Show whether service nginx is enabled
systemctl is-enabled nginx
Prevent service from starting (mask)
systemctl mask nginx
Unmask service, allowing it to be started
systemctl unmask nginx
List all available services
systemctl list-unit-files –-type service
For example as below
Targets (runlevels)
Targets, also known as runlevels in Linux, play a crucial role in managing the system’s state and functionality. Think of targets as different modes or scenarios your computer can operate in, each with a specific set of services and processes.
In simpler terms, runlevels help define what your computer is supposed to do at different stages – be it during startup, regular operation, or shutdown. For instance, runlevel 3 might focus on a multi-user environment with networking capabilities, while runlevel 5 could include a graphical user interface for a more user-friendly experience.
These runlevels or targets allow users to customize and control the behavior of their Linux system based on their needs. Whether you’re setting up a server that doesn’t require a graphical interface or a desktop environment for everyday use, understanding and configuring runlevels is essential for tailoring your Linux experience.
The content
Command line
List all available targets
systemctl list-unit-files –-type target
Show dependencies of a target
systemctl list-dependencies nginx
Show default boot target
systemctl get-default
Boot to a text console
systemctl set-default multi-user
Boot to a graphical desktop
systemctl set-default graphical
FAQ Section
1. What is the difference between systemctl and journalctl?
systemctl manages services, units, and targets, while journalctl is used to view logs maintained by Systemd.
2. Can Systemd work alongside other init systems?
Yes, but it’s not recommended as conflicts can arise. Most modern Linux distributions have fully transitioned to Systemd.
You should utilize the helpful Systemd Cheat Sheet in Linux. The cheat sheet includes fundamental systemd commands, and there are even more advanced features and options to explore. For detailed information about specific commands or options, you can check the systemd documentation or man pages (man systemctl). I hope you find this information useful. Thank you for visiting the DevopsRoles page!”
Portainer frequently releases updates. You can not simply login to your Portainer container upgrade button, in this tutorial, How to Deploy the Latest Portainer Release.
Open a web browser and access to link: http://SERVER:9000
Restore a Backup for the Portainer container.
You need to deploy a fresh instance of Portainer with an empty data volume and choose the Restore Portainer from the backup option during setup. Click Select file and navigate to the .tar.gz file you downloaded earlier. After selecting the file, click Restore Portainer.
Conclusion
You have to deploy Portainer Docker. Please note that these steps provide a basic overview of deploying Portainer.
For a production environment, it’s essential to consider security measures and other best practices. It’s always recommended to consult Portainer’s official documentation for more detailed instructions specific to the latest release and any additional configuration options.
I hope will this your helpful. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
In this tutorial, How to Install CouchDB on Rocky Linux Server. We’ll cover each step, from updating your system and installing necessary dependencies to configuring CouchDB for optimal performance. By the end of this guide, you will have a fully functional CouchDB instance running on your Rocky Linux server, ready to handle your database needs with reliability and efficiency.
CouchDB’s configuration files are located in the /opt/couchdb/etc/ directory.
Open the file
$ sudo vi /opt/couchdb/etc/local.ini
uncommenting the line just below
[admins] admin = mypassword
Uncomment the port and bind-address values.
[chttpd] port = 5984 bind_address = 0.0.0.0
Save the changes and exit the configuration file.
Creating a Database
Access CouchDB Web Interface at http://127.0.0.1:5984/_utils/ with your user credentials and create a new database with CouchDB.
By default, CouchDB listens on port 5984.
Conclusion
You have to Install CouchDB on Rocky Linux 8. CouchDB should now be installed and running on your Rocky Linux 8 system. Remember to secure your CouchDB installation and configure any necessary authentication and access controls based on your requirements. I hope this will be helpful for you. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
To install Kubernetes on Ubuntu, you can use the kubeadm tool, which simplifies the process of setting up a cluster. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to install Kubernetes on Ubuntu.
A tool that helps to initialize a cluster using Kubernetes Admin or Kubeadm. Kubelet is the worker package, which runs on all nodes and starts containers. Use the command line below
vagrant@k8s-master:~$ sudo kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.11 --pod-network-cidr=10.100.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.24.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: missing optional cgroups: blkio
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.56.11]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 4.501962 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 8ke6fa.3c5ll272057418qj
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.56.11:6443 --token 8ke6fa.3c5ll272057418qj \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4e69979a597f673781606eb7ab6bed5ccb741f46756b17f196b9cd76d3b51053
This is used to join the worker nodes to the cluster. We will create a directory for the cluster.
Waiting minutes, You can check the status of the nodes. Switch to the Master node and run the command line as below:
kubectl get nodes
Conclusion
You have successfully installed Kubernetes on Ubuntu. I hope this guide proves to be helpful for you in navigating the installation process. Thank you for choosing to read the DevopsRoles page! For more detailed instructions on how to install Kubernetes on Ubuntu, please refer to our comprehensive guide on installing Kubernetes on Ubuntu.
Docker has become an essential tool in the DevOps world, simplifying the deployment and management of applications. Using Docker to deploy Joomla – one of the most popular Content Management Systems (CMS) – offers significant advantages. In this article, we will guide you through each step to Docker deploy Joomla, helping you leverage the full potential of Docker for your Joomla project.
Open the web browser to http://SERVER:PORT, where SERVER is either the IP address or domain of the hosting server, and PORT is the external port.
Follow the Joomla setup wizard to configure your Joomla instance.
Via Youtube
Conclusion
Deploying Joomla with Docker not only simplifies the installation and configuration process but also enhances the management and scalability of your application. With the detailed steps provided in this guide, you can confidently deploy and manage Joomla on the Docker platform. Using Docker saves time and improves the performance and reliability of your system. Start today to experience the benefits Docker brings to your Joomla project. I hope will this your helpful. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
In this tutorial, How to setup Kubernetes Cluster with K3s. It is a lightweight Kubernetes distribution developed by Rancher. K3s consume fewer resources than traditional distributions. It’s easy to set up and manage Kubernetes Cluster.
To set up a Kubernetes cluster using K3s, you can follow these steps:
Setup Kubernetes Cluster with K3s
First, You need to get a Linux machine.
Start by provisioning the servers that will be part of your Kubernetes cluster.
You can use virtual machines or bare-metal servers. Ensure that the servers have a compatible operating system (such as Ubuntu, CentOS, or RHEL).
Download the Rancher binary
Link download here. or you use the wget command or curl command to get download it.
Repeat this process to add as many nodes as you want to your cluster.
The result, of the Master
Conclusion
You have setup Kubernetes cluster using K3s. You can now use kubectl it to deploy and manage your applications on the cluster.
Further, you can do with k8s k3s such as customize networking or logging, change the container runtime, and set up certificates. I hope will this your helpful. Thank you for reading the DevopsRoles page!
